![]() Two EMS types: types A (two small pads) and B (one large pad) devices respectively, were examined. In this randomized crossover design study of 20 healthy volunteers between November 2018 and February 2019, we measured both the popliteal and femoral vein peak velocities (PV, cm/s) and blood flow volumes (BFV,mL/min), using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound at rest (baseline), and at 2 and 10 min after starting EMS-BM use. Electronic address: investigated whether using electrical muscle stimulation body massagers (EMS-BMs) for the passive contraction of the lower extremity muscles reduces venous stasis in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Electronic address: 7 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. 6 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan.Electronic address: 5 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. Electronic address: 4 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. Electronic address: 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. Electronic address: 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. Electronic address: 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Kitastao University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520374, Japan. ![]()
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